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Embarking on a safari in Sri Lanka unveils a mesmerising world of diverse wildlife against a backdrop of stunning landscapes. The small, teardrop-shaped island has 26 national parks and is abundant in endemic and migratory species. Join us on a journey through Sri Lanka's rich biodiversity as we explore the myriad of fascinating animals that call this tropical paradise home.
1. Leopard
Despite being declared as a vulnerable species due to declining populations, visitors can still enjoy leopard sightings on a Sri Lankan safari. These elusive and shy creatures are distributed in national parks across the island but are reported to be most densely populated in Yala National Park and Wilpattu National Park. Due to their elusive nature, leopard sightings are more probable during the dry season, when vegetation has died back and animals congregate around waterholes more frequently.
2. Elephant
Sri Lanka is home to an estimated 7000 elephants, an incredible number considering the small size of the island. Given the high number of elephants, sightings throughout all parks are common. Udawalawe, Yala, and Minneriya National Parks are all popular for elephant viewing but the most well-renowned park is Minneriya National Park, the location of, "The Gathering". Every year, approximately 300 elephants migrate to the Minneriya tank to seek refuge from the monsoon rains and indulge in the abundant green grasses. Additionally, Minneriya is renowned for its diverse bird population, which includes pelicans, cormorants, and stork.
3. Sloth Bear
The shaggy-haired sloth bear is the only bear found in Sri Lanka and resides in the dry forest areas and rocky outcrops of northern and eastern Sri Lanka. Serving as the inspiration for Baloo in Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book, the sloth bear has also been placed on the vulnerable list due to their declining numbers. Known to be very shy and reclusive animals, sloth bear sightings are limited until June and August when the palu trees bear fruit, causing the bear to head out in search of the tree's ripe fruit. Both Wilpattu and Yala National Park are home to healthy sloth bear populations.
4. Crocodile
With its many rivers and lakes, Sri Lanka is the perfect habitat for both saltwater and freshwater crocodiles. These formidable predators play a crucial role in the island's ecosystem and can be found in many national parks across Sri Lanka. The Saltwater crocodile inhabits coastal regions but demonstrates remarkable adaptability to both marine and freshwater habitats, whereas the Mugger crocodile is confined to lakes and rivers. Crocodiles are commonly sighted in Yala, Wilpattu, Minneriya, Udawalawe National Park, and numerous other locations in Sri Lanka.
5. Marine Life
The coastline of Sri Lanka is home to a diverse array of marine life, including five species of turtles, three dolphin species and three whale species. Notably, within this vibrant ecosystem resides a population of resident blue whales, offering year-round sightings. Sri Lanka's tropical seas teem with a variety of endemic and migratory marine species and a vast coral reef that encircles the island's shores. The warm waters attract a plethora of vibrantly coloured fish, making it a popular diving destination while the beaches serve as a vital nesting grounds for turtles, which return annually to lay their eggs. With luck, one might even witness the enchanting spectacle of turtle hatchlings emerging from their nests.
6. Birdlife
Sri Lanka boasts a spectacular array of birdlife, making it a paradise for birdwatchers worldwide. With its diverse habitats ranging from lush rainforests to coastal wetlands, Sri Lanka offers an unparalleled opportunity to observe a wide variety of over 500 bird species. The chance to witness endemic birds such as the jungle fowl, along with countless others like colourful kingfishers and vibrant parrots, against the backdrop of stunning landscapes, makes Sri Lanka an irresistible destination for birdwatching enthusiasts.
7. Smaller Land Animals
Sri Lanka offers encounters with captivating smaller animals too, like the shy red slender loris, the langur monkeys and the purple-faced leaf monkey. Travellers have the opportunity to stop at Polonnaruwa and meet the toque macaques, which frequent the temple grounds. Renowned for their presence, these monkeys have been featured in numerous nature documentaries, adding to their appeal for visitors.
Beyond these, the island hosts a rich variety of wildlife, including palm squirrels, colourful tree frogs, and elusive civets. Travellers will see many colourful lizards basking in the sun and might even catch a glimpse of the ruddy mongoose darting through the undergrowth. With its diverse habitats, Sri Lanka promises captivating sightings of these and many other fascinating animals, enhancing the allure of its natural wonders. Discover the best places to go on safari in Sri Lanka to see these amazing animals or browse various sample itineraries for Sri Lanka.
